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Logical Expressions and Side Effects
General rule with complex logical expressions is that the evaluation of consecutive
logical operands stops the very moment the final result is known. For example, if
we have an expression:
a && b && c
where a is false (0), then operands b and c will not be evaluated. This is very
important if b and c are expressions, as their possible side effects will not take
place!
Logical vs. Bitwise
Be aware of the principle difference between how bitwise and logical operators
work. For example:
0222222 & 0555555
/* equals 000000 */
0222222 && 0555555
/* equals 1 */
~ 0x1234
/* equals 0xEDCB */
! 0x1234
/* equals 0 */
mikroC
- C Compiler for Microchip PIC microcontrollers
mikroC
making it simple...
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- Making it simple 1
- Reader’s note 2
- Table of Contents 3
- QUICK OVERVIEW 9
- CODE EDITOR 11
- Comment / 13
- Uncomment Icon 13
- CODE EXPLORER 14
- DEBUGGER 15
- Watch Window 16
- ERROR WINDOW 19
- STATISTICS 20
- INTEGRATED TOOLS 23
- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS 26
- Building 29
- Applications 29
- PROJECTS 30
- SOURCE FILES 31
- New File 32
- Open File Icon 33
- Print File Icon 33
- Save File Icon 33
- Save File As 33
- Close File 33
- COMPILATION 34
- ERROR MESSAGES 35
- Compiler Warning Messages 36
- Reference 37
- PIC SPECIFICS 38
- PIC16 Specifics 39
- ANSI Standard Issues 40
- Accessing Individual Bits 41
- Interrupts 42
- Linker Directives 43
- LEXICAL ELEMENTS 44
- Comments 45
- CONSTANTS 47
- Floating Point Constants 49
- Character Constants 50
- String Constants 52
- Enumeration Constants 53
- Pointer Constants 53
- Constant Expressions 53
- KEYWORDS 54
- IDENTIFIERS 55
- PUNCTUATORS 56
- /* call func with two args */ 57
- Semicolon 58
- Equal Sign 59
- OBJECTS AND LVALUES 60
- SCOPE AND VISIBILITY 62
- Visibility 63
- NAME SPACES 64
- DURATION 65
- Type Categories 67
- FUNDAMENTAL TYPES 68
- Enumerations 70
- Void Type 72
- DERIVED TYPES 73
- Pointers 76
- /* is same as: */ 77
- Pointer Arithmetic 78
- // so a[3] now equals 6 80
- Structures 82
- // incomplete 83
- // direct access to member m 85
- // identical to (*ps).m 85
- Bit Fields 88
- // Relevant bits 2, 3, and 4 89
- TYPES CONVERSIONS 90
- DECLARATIONS 93
- // No size 96
- // Supply size and initialize 96
- // Add member declarators 96
- Storage Classes 97
- Type Qualifiers 99
- Typedef Specifier 100
- // just a test 101
- Initialization 102
- FUNCTIONS 103
- Function Prototypes 104
- Function Definition 105
- Function Calls 106
- Argument Conversions 106
- // prototype 107
- // function call 107
- OPERATORS 108
- Arithmetic Operators 110
- Relational Operators 112
- Bitwise Operators 113
- Logical Operators 115
- /* equals 000000 */ 116
- /* equals 1 */ 116
- /* equals 0xEDCB */ 116
- /* equals 0 */ 116
- Conditional Operator ? : 117
- Assignment Operators 118
- Sizeof Operator 120
- EXPRESSIONS 121
- STATEMENTS 123
- Expression Statements 124
- Selection Statements 124
- Iteration Statements 127
- ;) for a loop body 129
- Jump Statements 130
- /* error handling code */ 131
- Compound Statements (Blocks) 132
- PREPROCESSOR 133
- #define MACRO 135
- Macros with Parameters 136
- Undefining Macros 137
- File Inclusion 138
- Preprocessor Operators 139
- Conditional Compilation 140
- BUILT-IN ROUTINES 144
- Delay_Cyc 145
- Clock_Khz 145
- Vdelay_ms 145
- LIBRARY ROUTINES 146
- ADC Library 147
- Library Example 148
- Hardware Connection 148
- CAN Library 149
- CANSetOperationMode 150
- CANGetOperationMode 150
- CANInitialize 151
- CANSetBaudRate 152
- CANSetMask 153
- CANSetFilter 153
- CANWrite 154
- CAN Constants 155
- CANSPI Library 161
- CANSPISetOperationMode 162
- CANSPIGetOperationMode 162
- CANSPIInitialize 163
- CANSPISetBaudRate 164
- CANSPISetMask 165
- CANSPISetFilter 165
- CANSPIRead 166
- CANSPIWrite 166
- Compact Flash Library 170
- Cf_Total_Size 171
- Cf_Detect 171
- Cf_Enable 172
- Cf_Read_Init 172
- Cf_Disable 172
- Cf_Read_Byte 173
- Cf_Write_Init 173
- Cf_Read_Word 173
- Cf_Write_Byte 174
- Cf_Write_Word 174
- Cf_Find_File 174
- Cf_File_Write_Byte 175
- Cf_Read_Sector 175
- Cf_File_Write_Init 175
- Cf_File_Write_Complete 176
- Cf_Write_Sector 176
- Cf_Set_File_Date 176
- Compact Flash Connector 179
- (TOP VIEW) 179
- Compact Flash Card 179
- PIC16F877A 179
- EEPROM Library 180
- Eeprom_Read 181
- Ethernet Library 182
- Eth_Init 183
- Eth_Set_Ip_Address 183
- Eth_Scan_For_Event 184
- Eth_Set_Inport 184
- Eth_Load_Ip_Packet 185
- Eth_Get_Ip_Hdr_Len 185
- Eth_Get_Dest_Ip_Address 186
- Eth_Get_Hdr_Chksum 186
- Eth_Get_Source_Ip_Address 186
- Eth_Ping_Response 187
- Eth_Get_Icmp_Info 187
- Eth_Arp_Response 187
- Eth_Get_Udp_Dest_Port 188
- Eth_Get_Udp_Source_Port 188
- Eth_Set_Udp_Port 189
- Eth_Get_Udp_Port 189
- Eth_Load_Tcp_Header 190
- Eth_Send_Udp 190
- Eth_Get_Tcp_Flags 191
- Eth_Get_Tcp_Hdr_Offset 191
- Eth_Tcp_Response 192
- Eth_Set_Tcp_Data 192
- RTL8019AS 193
- Flash Memory Library 194
- I2C Library 196
- I2C_Start 197
- I2C_Repeated_Start 197
- I2C_Is_Idle 197
- I2C_Stop 198
- HW Connection 200
- Keypad Library 201
- Keypad_Released 202
- LCD Library (4-bit interface) 205
- Lcd_Init 206
- Lcd_Out_Cp 206
- Lcd_Chr_Cp 207
- LCD Commands 208
- Library Routines 211
- Lcd8_Config 211
- Lcd8_Init 212
- Lcd8_Out 212
- Lcd8_Out_Cp 212
- Lcd8_Chr 213
- Lcd8_Chr_Cp 213
- Lcd8_Cmd 213
- GLCD Library 216
- Glcd_Init 217
- Glcd_Disable 217
- Glcd_Set_Side 217
- Glcd_Set_Page 218
- Glcd_Set_X 218
- Glcd_Read_Data 218
- Glcd_Write_Data 219
- Glcd_Fill 219
- Glcd_Dot 219
- Glcd_Line 220
- Glcd_V_Line 220
- Glcd_H_Line 220
- Glcd_Rectangle 221
- Glcd_Box 221
- Glcd_Circle 222
- Glcd_Set_Font 222
- Glcd_Write_Text 223
- Glcd_Write_Char 223
- Glcd_Partial_Image 224
- Glcd_Image 224
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 227
- 11 1 1 1 227
- Man_Receive_Config 228
- Man_Receive_Init 228
- Man_Receive 228
- Man_Send_Config 229
- Man_Send_Init 229
- Man_Send 229
- Multi Media Card Library 232
- Mmc_Read_Sector 233
- Mmc_Write_Sector 233
- Mmc_Read_Cid 234
- Mmc_Read_Csd 234
- Mmc_Fat_Init 235
- Mmc_Fat_Assign 235
- Mmc_Fat_Reset 236
- Mmc_Fat_Rewrite 236
- Mmc_Fat_Append 236
- Mmc_Fat_Read 237
- Mmc_Fat_Write 237
- Mmc_Set_File_Date 237
- MC33269-3.3 240
- OneWire Library 241
- Ow_Reset 242
- Ow_Write 242
- PS/2 Library 245
- Ps2_Key_Read 246
- PWM Library 248
- Pwm_Change_Duty 249
- Pwm_Start 249
- Pwm_Stop 249
- RS-485 Library 251
- RS485Master_Init 252
- RS485Master_Receive 252
- RS485Master_Send 253
- RS485Slave_Init 253
- RS485Slave_Receive 254
- RS485Slave_Send 254
- Connecting PC and PIC via 256
- RS485 communication line 256
- Secure Digital Library 257
- Sd_Read_Sector 258
- Sd_Write_Sector 258
- Sd_Read_Cid 259
- Sd_Read_Csd 259
- Software I2C Library 262
- Soft_I2C_Start 263
- Soft_I2C_Read 263
- Soft_I2C_Write 264
- Soft_I2C_Stop 264
- Software SPI Library 266
- Soft_Spi_Read 267
- Soft_Spi_Write 267
- Software UART Library 269
- Soft_Uart_Read 270
- Soft_Uart_Write 270
- Sound Library 272
- SPI Library 274
- Spi_Init_Advanced 275
- Spi_Read 276
- Spi_Write 276
- 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8. 8 278
- USART Library 279
- Usart_Data_Ready 280
- Usart_Read 280
- Usart_Write 281
- USB HID Library 283
- Hid_Read 284
- Hid_Write 284
- Hid_Disable 284
- PIC18F4550 287
- Util Library 288
- ANSI C Ctype Library 289
- ANSI C Math Library 293
- ANSI C Stdlib Library 299
- ANSI C String Library 303
- Conversions Library 307
- ShortToStr 308
- WordToStr 308
- IntToStr 308
- LongToStr 309
- FloatToStr 309
- Dec2Bcd16 310
- Bcd2Dec16 310
- Trigonometry Library 311
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